Understanding Tenant Rights in Nigeria: What Every Renter Should Know

At the moment, renting a home in Nigeria can be quite stressful, especially when you don’t know your rights. Many renters in Lagos, Abuja and other cities face avoidable issues simply because they’re unsure what the law allows or what protections tenants have.

Understanding Tenant Rights in Nigeria

Whether you’re looking for a new apartment or already renting, understanding tenant rights can save you money, time and stress. This guide explains the essentials. Note: This is general information only and not legal advice.

1. You Have the Right to a Written Tenancy Agreement

A tenancy agreement protects both you and the landlord. It should include rent amount, payment schedule, tenancy duration, repair responsibilities, notice periods and renewal rules. If it’s not written, it’s hard to enforce.

2. You Have the Right to Proper Notice Before Eviction

A landlord generally cannot evict you without written notice. Typical notice periods are:

• 1 month for monthly tenants
• 3 months for quarterly tenants
• 6 months for yearly tenants

Notice should be written, not a WhatsApp message or verbal warning.

3. You Have the Right to a Safe and Habitable Home

Landlords should ensure the property is safe to live in: working plumbing, basic electrical safety, structural stability and access to essential utilities. Major faults outside your control are the landlord’s responsibility to fix.

4. You Have the Right to Privacy

Landlords or caretakers should not enter your apartment without prior notice, a valid reason, or your permission. Surprise visits are a breach of privacy.

5. You Have the Right to Be Protected From Arbitrary Rent Increases

Landlords can increase rent, but increases should be reasonable and given with adequate notice. Sudden, excessive hikes without cause can be challenged.

6. You Have the Right to Know Fees Upfront

Legitimate fees like agency fees, legal fees, caution fees, service charges etc should be stated upfront. You can and should ask for a breakdown of all charges before paying.

7. You Have the Right to Receipts and Documentation

Every payment should come with a proper receipt. Receipts protect you from duplicate charges and make disputes easier to resolve. Avoid paying cash without documentation.

8. You Have the Right to Fair Renewal Terms

Renewal should be clear and fair, with reasonable notice. If you’ve been a good tenant, you’re entitled to fair treatment during renewal negotiations.

9. You Have the Right to Seek Resolution Through Official Channels

If a landlord acts unlawfully, you can approach rent tribunals, tenancy dispute bodies, legal practitioners or housing advocacy groups. Many complaints are resolved once proper channels are used.

How to Protect Yourself as a Tenant

• Always read your tenancy agreement before signing.
• Keep copies of documents and receipts.
• Ask questions, no detail is too small.
• Confirm the landlord’s identity.
• Use verified, reputable agents.
• Don’t rush into payments due to pressure.

Conclusion

Knowing your tenant rights empowers you to make better decisions and handle disputes calmly. Renting in Nigeria doesn’t have to feel like gambling. With the right information and trusted agents, finding a home can be safer and less stressful.